ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. C71000 Copper-nickel
ASTM grade HD steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C71000 copper-nickel belongs to the copper alloys. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (9, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is C71000 copper-nickel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 130 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 49 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 590 | |
| 320 to 560 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 310 | |
| 230 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1100 | |
| 240 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1200 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1370 | |
| 1150 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 400 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 16 | |
| 43 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
| 15 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 2.1 | |
| 6.5 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.5 | |
| 6.6 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 17 | |
| 37 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 8.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.1 | |
| 4.3 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 45 | |
| 63 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 290 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 8.2 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 26 | |
| 19 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 21 | |
| 10 to 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 20 | |
| 12 to 17 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 4.3 | |
| 12 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 | |
| 12 to 20 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 26 to 30 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 73.5 to 80.5 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 58.4 to 70 | |
| 0.5 to 1.0 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 4.0 to 7.0 | |
| 19 to 23 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |