ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. C82400 Copper
ASTM grade HD steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C82400 copper belongs to the copper alloys. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is C82400 copper.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 120 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.1 | |
| 1.0 to 20 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 45 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 590 | |
| 500 to 1030 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 260 to 970 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 310 | |
| 230 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1100 | |
| 270 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1000 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1370 | |
| 900 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 380 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 16 | |
| 130 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
| 17 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 2.1 | |
| 25 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.5 | |
| 26 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.1 | |
| 8.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 45 | |
| 140 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 310 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 44 | |
| 10 to 83 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 270 to 3870 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 7.6 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 26 | |
| 19 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 21 | |
| 16 to 33 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 20 | |
| 16 to 26 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 4.3 | |
| 39 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 | |
| 17 to 36 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Beryllium (Be), % | 0 | |
| 1.6 to 1.9 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 26 to 30 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 0.2 to 0.65 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 96 to 98.2 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 58.4 to 70 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 4.0 to 7.0 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.12 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |