ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. C96700 Copper
ASTM grade HD steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C96700 copper belongs to the copper alloys. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is C96700 copper.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 140 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.1 | |
| 10 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 53 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 590 | |
| 1210 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 550 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 310 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1100 | |
| 310 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1170 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1370 | |
| 1110 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 400 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 16 | |
| 30 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
| 15 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 17 | |
| 90 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.1 | |
| 9.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 45 | |
| 140 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 280 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 44 | |
| 99 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 1080 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 8.9 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 26 | |
| 20 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 21 | |
| 38 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 20 | |
| 29 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 4.3 | |
| 8.5 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 | |
| 40 |
Alloy Composition
| Beryllium (Be), % | 0 | |
| 1.1 to 1.2 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 26 to 30 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 62.4 to 68.8 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 58.4 to 70 | |
| 0.4 to 1.0 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 0.4 to 1.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 4.0 to 7.0 | |
| 29 to 33 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |