ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. R30816 Cobalt
ASTM grade HD steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while R30816 cobalt belongs to the cobalt alloys. They have a modest 30% of their average alloy composition in common, which, by itself, doesn't mean much. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is R30816 cobalt.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 210 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.1 | |
| 23 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 140 | |
| 250 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.3 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 81 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 590 | |
| 1020 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 460 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 310 | |
| 300 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1540 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1370 | |
| 1460 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 420 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 16 | |
| 13 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
| 12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 9.1 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.1 | |
| 20 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 45 | |
| 320 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 440 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 44 | |
| 190 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 510 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 26 | |
| 22 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 21 | |
| 31 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 20 | |
| 25 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 4.3 | |
| 3.3 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 | |
| 28 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0.32 to 0.42 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 26 to 30 | |
| 19 to 21 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 40 to 49.8 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 58.4 to 70 | |
| 0 to 5.0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 1.0 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 4.0 to 7.0 | |
| 19 to 21 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Tantalum (Ta), % | 0 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |