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ASTM Grade HE Steel vs. Grade 4 Titanium

ASTM grade HE steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 4 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HE steel and the bottom bar is grade 4 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
110
Elongation at Break, % 10
17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 160
340
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 79
41
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
640
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 310
530

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
420
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 1100
320
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1400
1660
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1360
1610
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 490
540
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 14
19
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 17
9.4

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.1
3.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.5
6.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 19
37
Density, g/cm3 7.7
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.5
31
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 50
500
Embodied Water, L/kg 190
110

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 56
100
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 240
1330
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
40
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
37
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 3.6
7.6
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14
46

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.2 to 0.5
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 26 to 30
0
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 53.9 to 65.8
0 to 0.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 2.0
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.5
0
Nickel (Ni), % 8.0 to 11
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.050
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.4
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 2.0
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
98.6 to 100
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4