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ASTM Grade HE Steel vs. C18900 Copper

ASTM grade HE steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C18900 copper belongs to the copper alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HE steel and the bottom bar is C18900 copper.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
120
Elongation at Break, % 10
14 to 48
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.34
Shear Modulus, GPa 79
43
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
260 to 500
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 310
67 to 390

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
210
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 1100
200
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1400
1080
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1360
1020
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 490
390
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 14
130
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 17
17

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.1
30
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.5
30

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 19
31
Density, g/cm3 7.7
8.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.5
2.7
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 50
42
Embodied Water, L/kg 190
310

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 56
65 to 95
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 240
20 to 660
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
7.2
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
18
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
8.2 to 16
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
10 to 16
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 3.6
38
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14
9.3 to 18

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 0.010
Carbon (C), % 0.2 to 0.5
0
Chromium (Cr), % 26 to 30
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
97.7 to 99.15
Iron (Fe), % 53.9 to 65.8
0
Lead (Pb), % 0
0 to 0.020
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 2.0
0.1 to 0.3
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.5
0
Nickel (Ni), % 8.0 to 11
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.050
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 2.0
0.15 to 0.4
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0
Tin (Sn), % 0
0.6 to 0.9
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.1
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.5