ASTM Grade HK Steel vs. EN 1.4451 Stainless Steel
Both ASTM grade HK steel and EN 1.4451 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 85% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HK steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.4451 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 150 | |
| 220 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 | |
| 25 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 150 | |
| 370 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.27 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 79 | |
| 80 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 500 | |
| 750 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 540 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 310 | |
| 300 |
| Maximum Temperature: Corrosion, °C | 440 | |
| 450 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1100 | |
| 1100 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1400 | |
| 1430 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1350 | |
| 1380 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 15 | |
| 17 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 17 | |
| 17 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 2.0 | |
| 2.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.3 | |
| 2.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 25 | |
| 20 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 4.4 | |
| 3.8 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 63 | |
| 53 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 200 | |
| 190 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 27 | |
| 39 |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 48 | |
| 170 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 190 | |
| 710 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 | |
| 27 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 23 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 3.9 | |
| 4.5 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 | |
| 16 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 24 to 28 | |
| 25 to 27 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 2.8 to 3.5 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 44.8 to 57.8 | |
| 56.2 to 64.6 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 2.5 to 3.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 18 to 22 | |
| 5.0 to 7.0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0.12 to 0.22 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |