ASTM Grade HL Steel vs. 324.0 Aluminum
ASTM grade HL steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 324.0 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HL steel and the bottom bar is 324.0 aluminum.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 71 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 | |
| 3.0 to 4.0 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 150 | |
| 77 to 89 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 27 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 500 | |
| 210 to 310 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 110 to 270 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 320 | |
| 500 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1100 | |
| 170 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1390 | |
| 610 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1340 | |
| 550 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 900 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 17 | |
| 21 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 27 | |
| 9.5 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 2.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 4.5 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 65 | |
| 150 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 210 | |
| 1090 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 48 | |
| 6.8 to 8.9 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 85 to 510 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 15 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 52 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 | |
| 22 to 32 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 29 to 38 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 | |
| 9.7 to 14 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 87.3 to 92.2 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 28 to 32 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0.4 to 0.6 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 40.8 to 53.8 | |
| 0 to 1.2 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 0 | |
| 0.4 to 0.7 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 18 to 22 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 7.0 to 8.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |