ASTM Grade HL Steel vs. ASTM A229 Spring Steel
Both ASTM grade HL steel and ASTM A229 spring steel are iron alloys. They have 49% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HL steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A229 spring steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 150 | |
| 490 to 550 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 | |
| 14 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 150 | |
| 710 to 790 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 72 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 500 | |
| 1690 to 1890 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 1100 to 1230 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 320 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1100 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1390 | |
| 1450 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1340 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 17 | |
| 12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 27 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 4.5 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 65 | |
| 19 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 210 | |
| 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 48 | |
| 200 to 230 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 3260 to 4080 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 | |
| 60 to 67 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 40 to 43 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 | |
| 54 to 60 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| 0.55 to 0.85 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 28 to 32 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 40.8 to 53.8 | |
| 97.5 to 99 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0.3 to 1.2 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 18 to 22 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |