ASTM Grade HL Steel vs. Class 3 Tungsten
ASTM grade HL steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while class 3 tungsten belongs to the otherwise unclassified metals. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (13, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HL steel and the bottom bar is class 3 tungsten.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 270 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 | |
| 3.4 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 100 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 500 | |
| 830 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 580 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 320 | |
| 170 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 120 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 17 | |
| 4.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 15 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 4.5 | |
| 23 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 65 | |
| 360 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 210 | |
| 150 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 48 | |
| 25 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 630 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 9.6 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 14 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 | |
| 15 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 13 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 | |
| 49 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 28 to 32 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 40.8 to 53.8 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 18 to 22 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 95 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 5.0 |