ASTM Grade HL Steel vs. R31539 Cobalt
ASTM grade HL steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while R31539 cobalt belongs to the cobalt alloys. They have a modest 30% of their average alloy composition in common, which, by itself, doesn't mean much. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HL steel and the bottom bar is R31539 cobalt.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 220 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 | |
| 13 to 22 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 150 | |
| 310 to 480 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 86 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 500 | |
| 1000 to 1340 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 590 to 940 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 320 | |
| 320 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1390 | |
| 1360 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1340 | |
| 1290 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 450 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 17 | |
| 13 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.4 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 4.5 | |
| 8.2 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 65 | |
| 110 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 210 | |
| 530 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 48 | |
| 140 to 190 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 780 to 2000 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 15 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 | |
| 33 to 44 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 27 to 32 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 | |
| 24 to 32 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0.3 to 1.0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| 0 to 0.14 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 28 to 32 | |
| 26 to 30 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 57.7 to 68.7 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 40.8 to 53.8 | |
| 0 to 0.75 |
| Lanthanum (La), % | 0 | |
| 0.030 to 0.2 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 5.0 to 7.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 18 to 22 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |