ASTM Grade HL Steel vs. SAE-AISI P21 Steel
Both ASTM grade HL steel and SAE-AISI P21 steel are iron alloys. They have 53% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 19 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (14, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HL steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI P21 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 190 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 73 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 500 | |
| 1130 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 320 | |
| 250 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1390 | |
| 1450 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1340 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 17 | |
| 12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 27 | |
| 6.5 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 4.5 | |
| 2.3 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 65 | |
| 32 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 210 | |
| 62 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 | |
| 40 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 31 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 | |
| 37 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| 0.18 to 0.22 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 28 to 32 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 1.1 to 1.3 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 40.8 to 53.8 | |
| 92.1 to 94.2 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0.35 to 0.72 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 18 to 22 | |
| 3.9 to 4.3 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0.2 to 0.4 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.25 |