ASTM Grade HL Steel vs. Type 4 Magnetic Alloy
ASTM grade HL steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while Type 4 magnetic alloy belongs to the nickel alloys. They have a modest 35% of their average alloy composition in common, which, by itself, doesn't mean much. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HL steel and the bottom bar is Type 4 magnetic alloy.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 | |
| 2.0 to 40 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 150 | |
| 220 to 400 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.31 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 73 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 500 | |
| 620 to 1100 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 270 to 1040 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 320 | |
| 290 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1100 | |
| 900 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1390 | |
| 1420 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1340 | |
| 1370 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 440 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 17 | |
| 11 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 27 | |
| 60 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 4.5 | |
| 10 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 65 | |
| 140 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 210 | |
| 210 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 48 | |
| 22 to 200 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 190 to 2840 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 12 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 22 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 | |
| 19 to 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 18 to 27 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 | |
| 21 to 37 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 28 to 32 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 40.8 to 53.8 | |
| 9.5 to 17.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 0.8 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 3.5 to 6.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 18 to 22 | |
| 79 to 82 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |