ASTM Grade HL Steel vs. C19020 Copper
ASTM grade HL steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C19020 copper belongs to the copper alloys. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (12, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HL steel and the bottom bar is C19020 copper.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 120 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 | |
| 2.3 to 5.7 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 44 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 500 | |
| 440 to 590 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 320 | |
| 210 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1100 | |
| 200 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1390 | |
| 1090 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1340 | |
| 1030 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 390 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 17 | |
| 17 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 27 | |
| 31 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 4.5 | |
| 2.8 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 65 | |
| 44 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 210 | |
| 310 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 7.2 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 | |
| 14 to 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 14 to 18 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 | |
| 16 to 21 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 28 to 32 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 95.7 to 99.19 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 40.8 to 53.8 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 18 to 22 | |
| 0.5 to 3.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0.010 to 0.2 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 0.3 to 0.9 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |