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ASTM Grade HL Steel vs. C81400 Copper

ASTM grade HL steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C81400 copper belongs to the copper alloys. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (9, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HL steel and the bottom bar is C81400 copper.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
120
Elongation at Break, % 11
11
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.34
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
41
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 500
370
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 270
250

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 320
210
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 1100
200
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1390
1090
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1340
1070
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 490
390
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 17
17

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 27
33
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 4.5
2.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 65
45
Embodied Water, L/kg 210
310

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 48
36
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 180
260
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
7.3
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
18
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18
11
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 11
13

Alloy Composition

Beryllium (Be), % 0
0.020 to 0.1
Carbon (C), % 0.2 to 0.6
0
Chromium (Cr), % 28 to 32
0.6 to 1.0
Copper (Cu), % 0
98.4 to 99.38
Iron (Fe), % 40.8 to 53.8
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 2.0
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.5
0
Nickel (Ni), % 18 to 22
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 2.0
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.5