ASTM Grade HL Steel vs. C82500 Copper
ASTM grade HL steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C82500 copper belongs to the copper alloys. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (9, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HL steel and the bottom bar is C82500 copper.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 120 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 | |
| 1.0 to 20 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 45 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 500 | |
| 550 to 1100 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 310 to 980 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 320 | |
| 240 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1100 | |
| 280 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1390 | |
| 980 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1340 | |
| 860 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 390 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 17 | |
| 17 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 4.5 | |
| 10 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 65 | |
| 160 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 210 | |
| 310 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 48 | |
| 11 to 94 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 400 to 4000 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 7.7 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 19 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 | |
| 18 to 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 17 to 27 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 | |
| 19 to 38 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Beryllium (Be), % | 0 | |
| 1.9 to 2.3 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 28 to 32 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.7 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 95.3 to 97.8 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 40.8 to 53.8 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 18 to 22 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0.2 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.12 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |