ASTM Grade HP Steel vs. Grade 12 Titanium
ASTM grade HP steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 12 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HP steel and the bottom bar is grade 12 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 140 | |
| 170 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 5.1 | |
| 21 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 130 | |
| 280 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 78 | |
| 39 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 490 | |
| 530 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 260 | |
| 410 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 320 | |
| 420 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1100 | |
| 320 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1370 | |
| 1660 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1330 | |
| 1610 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 540 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 12 | |
| 21 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 16 | |
| 9.6 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 34 | |
| 37 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 5.8 | |
| 31 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 82 | |
| 500 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 220 | |
| 110 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 21 | |
| 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 170 | |
| 770 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 17 | |
| 32 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 17 | |
| 32 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 3.2 | |
| 8.5 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 | |
| 37 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.35 to 0.75 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 24 to 28 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 29.2 to 42.7 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0.2 to 0.4 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 33 to 37 | |
| 0.6 to 0.9 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.5 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 97.6 to 99.2 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |