AWS E2594 vs. AWS E316L
Both AWS E2594 and AWS E316L are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the as-welded condition. They have a moderately high 91% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E2594 and the bottom bar is AWS E316L.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 210 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 17 | |
| 34 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 81 | |
| 78 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 850 | |
| 550 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 300 | |
| 290 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1440 | |
| 1440 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1400 | |
| 1390 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 16 | |
| 15 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 14 | |
| 14 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 2.2 | |
| 2.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.5 | |
| 2.6 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 22 | |
| 20 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 4.3 | |
| 4.0 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 60 | |
| 55 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 190 | |
| 160 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 43 | |
| 27 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 30 | |
| 19 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 19 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 4.3 | |
| 4.0 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 21 | |
| 14 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 24 to 27 | |
| 17 to 20 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.75 | |
| 0 to 0.75 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 53.8 to 63.8 | |
| 58.6 to 69.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.5 to 2.0 | |
| 0.5 to 2.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 3.5 to 4.5 | |
| 2.0 to 3.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 8.0 to 10.5 | |
| 11 to 14 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0.2 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |