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AWS E2594 vs. Grade 4 Titanium

AWS E2594 belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 4 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (10, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E2594 and the bottom bar is grade 4 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 210
110
Elongation at Break, % 17
17
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 81
41
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 850
640

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 300
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1440
1660
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1400
1610
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
540
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 16
19
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 14
9.4

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.2
3.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.5
6.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 22
37
Density, g/cm3 7.8
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 4.3
31
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 60
500
Embodied Water, L/kg 190
110

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 30
40
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 25
37
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 4.3
7.6
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
46

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 24 to 27
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.75
0
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 53.8 to 63.8
0 to 0.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 2.0
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 3.5 to 4.5
0
Nickel (Ni), % 8.0 to 10.5
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0.2 to 0.3
0 to 0.050
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.4
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 1.0
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
98.6 to 100
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4