AWS E312 vs. AWS E33-31
Both AWS E312 and AWS E33-31 are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the as-welded condition. They have 72% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E312 and the bottom bar is AWS E33-31.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 210 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 25 | |
| 29 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.27 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 81 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 740 | |
| 810 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 310 | |
| 320 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1380 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1360 | |
| 1330 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 15 | |
| 14 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 20 | |
| 36 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.6 | |
| 6.0 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 52 | |
| 86 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 200 | |
| 260 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 31 | |
| 44 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 27 | |
| 28 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 18 | |
| 19 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 28 to 32 | |
| 31 to 35 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.75 | |
| 0.4 to 0.8 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 52.3 to 63.5 | |
| 24.7 to 34.8 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.5 to 2.5 | |
| 2.5 to 4.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.75 | |
| 1.0 to 2.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 8.0 to 10.5 | |
| 30 to 32 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0.3 to 0.5 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 to 0.9 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |