AWS E312 vs. S45000 Stainless Steel

Both AWS E312 and S45000 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 81% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (14, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E312 and the bottom bar is S45000 stainless steel.

AWS E312 (W31310) Weld Metal UNS S45000 (Alloy 450, XM-25) Stainless Steel

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		200

Elongation at Break, %		25
Elongation at Break, %		6.8 to 14

Poisson's Ratio		0.27
Poisson's Ratio		0.28

Shear Modulus, GPa		80
Shear Modulus, GPa		76

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		740
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		980 to 1410

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		310
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		280

Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1410
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1440

Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1360
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1390

Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480

Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		11

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative		20
Base Metal Price, % relative		13

Density, g/cm³		7.7
Density, g/cm³		7.8

Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		3.6
Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		2.8

Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		52
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		39

Embodied Water, L/kg		200
Embodied Water, L/kg		130

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)		31
PREN (Pitting Resistance)		17

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		15
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		14

Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25

Strength to Weight: Axial, points		27
Strength to Weight: Axial, points		35 to 50

Strength to Weight: Bending, points		24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points		28 to 36

Thermal Shock Resistance, points		18
Thermal Shock Resistance, points		33 to 47

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.15
Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.050

Chromium (Cr), %		28 to 32
Chromium (Cr), %		14 to 16

Copper (Cu), %		0 to 0.75
Copper (Cu), %		1.3 to 1.8

Iron (Fe), %		52.3 to 63.5
Iron (Fe), %		72.1 to 79.3

Manganese (Mn), %		0.5 to 2.5
Manganese (Mn), %		0 to 1.0

Molybdenum (Mo), %		0 to 0.75
Molybdenum (Mo), %		0.5 to 1.0

Nickel (Ni), %		8.0 to 10.5
Nickel (Ni), %		5.0 to 7.0

Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.040
Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.040

Silicon (Si), %		0 to 1.0
Silicon (Si), %		0 to 1.0

Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030