AWS E33-31 vs. ASTM A227 Spring Steel
Both AWS E33-31 and ASTM A227 spring steel are iron alloys. They have a modest 31% of their average alloy composition in common, which, by itself, doesn't mean much. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E33-31 and the bottom bar is ASTM A227 spring steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 210 | |
190 |
Elongation at Break, % | 29 | |
12 |
Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
0.29 |
Shear Modulus, GPa | 81 | |
72 |
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 810 | |
1720 to 2220 |
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 320 | |
250 |
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1380 | |
1450 |
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1330 | |
1410 |
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
470 |
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 14 | |
12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
1.8 |
Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
7.8 |
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 6.0 | |
1.4 |
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 86 | |
19 |
Embodied Water, L/kg | 260 | |
46 |
Common Calculations
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
13 |
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
24 |
Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 28 | |
61 to 79 |
Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
41 to 48 |
Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 | |
55 to 71 |
Alloy Composition
Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
0.45 to 0.85 |
Chromium (Cr), % | 31 to 35 | |
0 |
Copper (Cu), % | 0.4 to 0.8 | |
0 |
Iron (Fe), % | 24.7 to 34.8 | |
97.4 to 99.1 |
Manganese (Mn), % | 2.5 to 4.0 | |
0.3 to 1.3 |
Molybdenum (Mo), % | 1.0 to 2.0 | |
0 |
Nickel (Ni), % | 30 to 32 | |
0 |
Nitrogen (N), % | 0.3 to 0.5 | |
0 |
Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
0 to 0.040 |
Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.9 | |
0.15 to 0.35 |
Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.010 | |
0 to 0.050 |