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AWS E33-31 vs. ASTM A229 Spring Steel

Both AWS E33-31 and ASTM A229 spring steel are iron alloys. They have a modest 31% of their average alloy composition in common, which, by itself, doesn't mean much. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (12, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E33-31 and the bottom bar is ASTM A229 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 210
190
Elongation at Break, % 29
14
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 81
72
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 810
1690 to 1890

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 320
250
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1380
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1330
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
470
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 14
12

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 36
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 6.0
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 86
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 260
46

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 28
60 to 67
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24
40 to 43
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19
54 to 60

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.030
0.55 to 0.85
Chromium (Cr), % 31 to 35
0
Copper (Cu), % 0.4 to 0.8
0
Iron (Fe), % 24.7 to 34.8
97.5 to 99
Manganese (Mn), % 2.5 to 4.0
0.3 to 1.2
Molybdenum (Mo), % 1.0 to 2.0
0
Nickel (Ni), % 30 to 32
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0.3 to 0.5
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.9
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0 to 0.050