AWS E33-31 vs. ASTM Grade HD Steel

Both AWS E33-31 and ASTM grade HD steel are iron alloys. They have 65% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (10, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E33-31 and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HD steel.

AWS E33-31 (W33310) Weld Metal ASTM Grade HD (28Cr-5Ni, J93005) Cast Stainless Steel

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		210
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		200

Elongation at Break, %		29
Elongation at Break, %		9.1

Poisson's Ratio		0.27
Poisson's Ratio		0.27

Shear Modulus, GPa		81
Shear Modulus, GPa		80

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		810
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		590

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		320
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		310

Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1380
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1410

Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1330
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1370

Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		490

Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		14
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		11

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative		36
Base Metal Price, % relative		17

Density, g/cm³		7.9
Density, g/cm³		7.7

Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		6.0
Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		3.1

Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		86
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		45

Embodied Water, L/kg		260
Embodied Water, L/kg		180

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)		44
PREN (Pitting Resistance)		29

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		14
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		15

Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		26

Strength to Weight: Axial, points		28
Strength to Weight: Axial, points		21

Strength to Weight: Bending, points		24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points		20

Thermal Shock Resistance, points		19
Thermal Shock Resistance, points		19

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.030
Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.5

Chromium (Cr), %		31 to 35
Chromium (Cr), %		26 to 30

Copper (Cu), %		0.4 to 0.8
Copper (Cu), %		0

Iron (Fe), %		24.7 to 34.8
Iron (Fe), %		58.4 to 70

Manganese (Mn), %		2.5 to 4.0
Manganese (Mn), %		0 to 1.5

Molybdenum (Mo), %		1.0 to 2.0
Molybdenum (Mo), %		0 to 0.5

Nickel (Ni), %		30 to 32
Nickel (Ni), %		4.0 to 7.0

Nitrogen (N), %		0.3 to 0.5
Nitrogen (N), %		0

Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.020
Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.040

Silicon (Si), %		0 to 0.9
Silicon (Si), %		0 to 2.0

Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.010
Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.040