AWS E33-31 vs. AWS E312
Both AWS E33-31 and AWS E312 are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the as-welded condition. They have 72% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E33-31 and the bottom bar is AWS E312.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 210 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 29 | |
| 25 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.27 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 81 | |
| 80 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 810 | |
| 740 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 320 | |
| 310 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1380 | |
| 1410 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1330 | |
| 1360 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 14 | |
| 15 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 20 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 6.0 | |
| 3.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 86 | |
| 52 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 260 | |
| 200 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 44 | |
| 31 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 15 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 28 | |
| 27 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 | |
| 18 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 31 to 35 | |
| 28 to 32 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0.4 to 0.8 | |
| 0 to 0.75 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 24.7 to 34.8 | |
| 52.3 to 63.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 2.5 to 4.0 | |
| 0.5 to 2.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 1.0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 0.75 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 30 to 32 | |
| 8.0 to 10.5 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0.3 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.9 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.010 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |