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AWS E33-31 vs. Grade 4 Titanium

AWS E33-31 belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 4 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (14, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E33-31 and the bottom bar is grade 4 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 210
110
Elongation at Break, % 29
17
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 81
41
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 810
640

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 320
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1380
1660
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1330
1610
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
540
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 14
9.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 36
37
Density, g/cm3 7.9
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 6.0
31
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 86
500
Embodied Water, L/kg 260
110

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 28
40
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24
37
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19
46

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 31 to 35
0
Copper (Cu), % 0.4 to 0.8
0
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 24.7 to 34.8
0 to 0.5
Manganese (Mn), % 2.5 to 4.0
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 1.0 to 2.0
0
Nickel (Ni), % 30 to 32
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0.3 to 0.5
0 to 0.050
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.4
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.9
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
98.6 to 100
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4