Annealed SAE-AISI A3 vs. Annealed SAE-AISI D4
Both annealed SAE-AISI A3 and annealed SAE-AISI D4 are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the annealed condition. They have a moderately high 92% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is annealed SAE-AISI A3 and the bottom bar is annealed SAE-AISI D4.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness | 210 | |
230 |
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
190 |
Elongation at Break, % | 21 | |
15 |
Fatigue Strength, MPa | 230 | |
310 |
Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
0.28 |
Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
74 |
Shear Strength, MPa | 440 | |
460 |
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 700 | |
760 |
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 340 | |
470 |
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 260 | |
270 |
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1450 | |
1430 |
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
1380 |
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
480 |
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 37 | |
31 |
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
12 |
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 8.3 | |
4.2 |
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 9.7 | |
5.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price, % relative | 6.0 | |
8.0 |
Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
7.7 |
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 4.4 | |
3.3 |
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 67 | |
49 |
Embodied Water, L/kg | 78 | |
100 |
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 8.9 | |
15 |
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 120 | |
100 |
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 300 | |
590 |
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
14 |
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
25 |
Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 25 | |
27 |
Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 23 | |
24 |
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 10 | |
8.3 |
Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 23 | |
23 |
Alloy Composition
Carbon (C), % | 1.2 to 1.3 | |
2.1 to 2.4 |
Chromium (Cr), % | 4.8 to 5.5 | |
11 to 13 |
Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
0 to 0.25 |
Iron (Fe), % | 88.7 to 92 | |
80.6 to 86.3 |
Manganese (Mn), % | 0.4 to 0.6 | |
0 to 0.6 |
Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.9 to 1.4 | |
0.7 to 1.2 |
Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
0 to 0.3 |
Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
0 to 0.030 |
Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
0 to 0.6 |
Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
0 to 0.030 |
Vanadium (V), % | 0.8 to 1.4 | |
0 to 1.0 |