EN 1.0213 Steel vs. Grade 12 Titanium
EN 1.0213 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 12 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys.
For each property being compared, the top bar is EN 1.0213 steel and the bottom bar is grade 12 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 92 to 120 | |
| 170 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 12 to 25 | |
| 21 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 160 to 240 | |
| 280 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.32 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 72 to 80 | |
| 28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 39 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 230 to 270 | |
| 330 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 320 to 430 | |
| 530 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 220 to 330 | |
| 410 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 420 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 320 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1470 | |
| 1660 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1430 | |
| 1610 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 540 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 53 | |
| 21 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 9.6 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 6.9 | |
| 3.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 7.9 | |
| 6.6 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 37 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 31 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 18 | |
| 500 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
| 110 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 33 to 98 | |
| 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 120 to 300 | |
| 770 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 11 to 15 | |
| 32 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 13 to 16 | |
| 32 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 8.5 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 10 to 14 | |
| 37 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0.020 to 0.060 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.060 to 0.1 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 99.245 to 99.67 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.25 to 0.45 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.2 to 0.4 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0.6 to 0.9 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.025 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 97.6 to 99.2 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |