EN 1.0234 Steel vs. Grade 28 Titanium
EN 1.0234 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 28 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is EN 1.0234 steel and the bottom bar is grade 28 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 12 to 29 | |
| 11 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 170 to 270 | |
| 330 to 480 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.32 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 64 to 78 | |
| 22 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 40 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 260 to 300 | |
| 420 to 590 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 350 to 480 | |
| 690 to 980 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 220 to 410 | |
| 540 to 810 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 330 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1640 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1590 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 550 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 53 | |
| 8.3 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 9.9 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.0 | |
| 1.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.0 | |
| 2.7 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 36 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 37 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 18 | |
| 600 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
| 370 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 36 to 130 | |
| 87 to 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 130 to 440 | |
| 1370 to 3100 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 12 to 17 | |
| 43 to 61 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 14 to 17 | |
| 39 to 49 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 3.4 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 to 15 | |
| 47 to 66 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0.020 to 0.060 | |
| 2.5 to 3.5 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.13 to 0.17 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 99.02 to 99.5 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.35 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.025 | |
| 0 |
| Ruthenium (Ru), % | 0 | |
| 0.080 to 0.14 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.025 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 92.4 to 95.4 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 2.0 to 3.0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |