EN 1.0456 Steel vs. ASTM A232 Spring Steel
Both EN 1.0456 steel and ASTM A232 spring steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 99% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is EN 1.0456 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A232 spring steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 120 to 130 | |
| 540 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 24 to 26 | |
| 14 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 210 to 220 | |
| 1040 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 270 to 280 | |
| 1090 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 420 to 450 | |
| 1790 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 290 to 300 | |
| 1610 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 420 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 48 | |
| 52 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.3 | |
| 7.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.4 | |
| 8.4 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.2 | |
| 2.3 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.5 | |
| 2.0 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 20 | |
| 28 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 49 | |
| 51 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 93 to 99 | |
| 250 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 15 to 16 | |
| 64 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 16 to 17 | |
| 42 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 13 to 14 | |
| 53 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0.020 to 0.060 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.2 | |
| 0.48 to 0.53 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0.8 to 1.1 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.7 to 99.48 | |
| 96.8 to 97.7 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.5 to 1.4 | |
| 0.7 to 0.9 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.035 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0.15 to 0.3 |