EN 1.4581 Stainless Steel vs. EN 1.4409 Stainless Steel
Both EN 1.4581 stainless steel and EN 1.4409 stainless steel are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the solution annealed (AT) condition. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.
For each property being compared, the top bar is EN 1.4581 stainless steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.4409 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 150 | |
| 140 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 28 | |
| 34 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 150 | |
| 180 |
| Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy, J | 45 | |
| 90 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 78 | |
| 78 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 | |
| 490 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 210 | |
| 220 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 300 | |
| 300 |
| Maximum Temperature: Corrosion, °C | 490 | |
| 420 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 990 | |
| 990 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1440 | |
| 1440 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1400 | |
| 1390 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 15 | |
| 15 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 16 | |
| 16 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 2.0 | |
| 2.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.3 | |
| 2.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 21 | |
| 19 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 4.2 | |
| 3.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 59 | |
| 52 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 160 | |
| 160 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 26 | |
| 28 |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 120 | |
| 140 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 110 | |
| 120 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 | |
| 17 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 18 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 3.9 | |
| 4.1 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 12 | |
| 11 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.070 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 18 to 20 | |
| 18 to 20 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 61.4 to 71 | |
| 61.7 to 71 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 2.0 to 2.5 | |
| 2.0 to 2.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 9.0 to 12 | |
| 9.0 to 12 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |