EN 1.7233 Steel vs. ASTM A387 Grade 12 Steel
Both EN 1.7233 steel and ASTM A387 grade 12 steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.
For each property being compared, the top bar is EN 1.7233 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A387 grade 12 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 210 to 290 | |
| 140 to 160 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 18 to 23 | |
| 25 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 270 to 530 | |
| 190 to 230 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 450 to 590 | |
| 300 to 330 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 700 to 960 | |
| 470 to 520 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 380 to 780 | |
| 260 to 310 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 430 | |
| 430 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1470 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 39 | |
| 44 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.4 | |
| 7.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.5 | |
| 8.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 3.0 | |
| 2.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.6 | |
| 1.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 21 | |
| 21 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 53 | |
| 51 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 3.3 | |
| 2.7 |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 200 | |
| 98 to 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 380 to 1630 | |
| 180 to 250 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 25 to 34 | |
| 16 to 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 22 to 28 | |
| 17 to 18 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 11 | |
| 12 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 21 to 28 | |
| 14 to 15 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.39 to 0.45 | |
| 0.050 to 0.17 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 1.2 to 1.5 | |
| 0.8 to 1.2 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.2 to 97.5 | |
| 97 to 98.2 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.4 to 0.7 | |
| 0.4 to 0.65 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.5 to 0.7 | |
| 0.45 to 0.6 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.025 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0.15 to 0.4 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.035 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |