EN 2.4654 Nickel vs. ASTM A231 Spring Steel
EN 2.4654 nickel belongs to the nickel alloys classification, while ASTM A231 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is EN 2.4654 nickel and the bottom bar is ASTM A231 spring steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 17 | |
| 14 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 460 | |
| 1000 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 77 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 770 | |
| 1080 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1250 | |
| 1790 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 850 | |
| 1570 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 320 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1000 | |
| 420 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1390 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1330 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 460 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 13 | |
| 52 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 13 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 75 | |
| 2.3 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.4 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 10 | |
| 2.0 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 150 | |
| 28 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 340 | |
| 51 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 190 | |
| 230 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 23 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 42 | |
| 64 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 31 | |
| 42 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 3.3 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 37 | |
| 53 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 1.2 to 1.6 | |
| 0 |
| Boron (B), % | 0.0030 to 0.010 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.020 to 0.1 | |
| 0.48 to 0.53 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 18 to 21 | |
| 0.8 to 1.1 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 12 to 15 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 96.7 to 97.7 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0.7 to 0.9 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 3.5 to 5.0 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 50.6 to 62.5 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 2.8 to 3.3 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.3 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0.020 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |