EN 2.4816 Nickel vs. ASTM A372 Grade D Steel
EN 2.4816 nickel belongs to the nickel alloys classification, while ASTM A372 grade D steel belongs to the iron alloys.
For each property being compared, the top bar is EN 2.4816 nickel and the bottom bar is ASTM A372 grade D steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 170 | |
| 250 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 34 | |
| 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 200 | |
| 340 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 74 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 470 | |
| 500 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 700 | |
| 810 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 510 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 310 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1150 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1370 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1320 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 460 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 15 | |
| 51 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.7 | |
| 7.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 1.8 | |
| 8.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 55 | |
| 2.1 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.5 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 9.0 | |
| 1.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 130 | |
| 20 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 260 | |
| 48 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 190 | |
| 120 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 190 | |
| 700 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 23 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 23 | |
| 29 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 21 | |
| 25 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 3.8 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 20 | |
| 26 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.050 to 0.1 | |
| 0.4 to 0.5 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 14 to 17 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 6.0 to 10 | |
| 97.1 to 97.9 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 1.4 to 1.8 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.17 to 0.27 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 72 to 80 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |