EN 2.4856 Nickel vs. SAE-AISI 4012 Steel
EN 2.4856 nickel belongs to the nickel alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 4012 steel belongs to the iron alloys.
For each property being compared, the top bar is EN 2.4856 nickel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4012 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 210 | |
| 130 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 28 | |
| 23 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 280 | |
| 160 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 79 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 570 | |
| 270 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 880 | |
| 420 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 430 | |
| 220 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 330 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1000 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1480 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1430 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 440 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 10 | |
| 51 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.3 | |
| 7.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 1.4 | |
| 8.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 80 | |
| 2.1 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.6 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 14 | |
| 1.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 190 | |
| 19 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 290 | |
| 47 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 200 | |
| 82 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 440 | |
| 130 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 23 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 28 | |
| 15 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 16 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.7 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 29 | |
| 12 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.030 to 0.1 | |
| 0.090 to 0.14 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 20 to 23 | |
| 0 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 5.0 | |
| 98.2 to 98.9 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0.75 to 1.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 8.0 to 10 | |
| 0.15 to 0.25 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 58 to 68.8 | |
| 0 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 3.2 to 4.2 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |