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EN AC-43400 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI P21 Steel

EN AC-43400 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI P21 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is EN AC-43400 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI P21 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 72
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 270
1130

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 540
250
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 600
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 590
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 140
41
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 22
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 32
7.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 110
9.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
6.5
Density, g/cm3 2.6
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 7.8
2.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
32
Embodied Water, L/kg 1070
62

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 54
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 29
40
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 36
31
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 59
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 12
37

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 86 to 90.8
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.18 to 0.22
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0 to 0.5
Cobalt (Co), % 0
1.1 to 1.3
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.1
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 1.0
92.1 to 94.2
Lead (Pb), % 0 to 0.15
0
Magnesium (Mg), % 0.2 to 0.5
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.55
0.35 to 0.72
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.15
3.9 to 4.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 9.0 to 11
0.2 to 0.4
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.030
Tin (Sn), % 0 to 0.050
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.2
0
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.25
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.15
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0