Grade 1 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI 1040 Steel
Grade 1 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 1040 steel belongs to the iron alloys.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 1 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1040 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 120 | |
| 160 to 180 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 28 | |
| 13 to 20 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 170 | |
| 220 to 340 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 36 | |
| 40 to 45 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 39 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 200 | |
| 350 to 390 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 310 | |
| 570 to 640 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 220 | |
| 320 to 530 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 20 | |
| 51 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.8 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.7 | |
| 7.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 7.3 | |
| 8.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 37 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 31 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 510 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 110 | |
| 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 79 | |
| 79 to 96 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 230 | |
| 270 to 760 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 19 | |
| 20 to 23 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 23 | |
| 19 to 21 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.2 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 24 | |
| 18 to 20 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.37 to 0.44 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.2 | |
| 98.6 to 99.03 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.6 to 0.9 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.18 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 99.095 to 100 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |