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Grade 1 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI 1040 Steel

Grade 1 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 1040 steel belongs to the iron alloys.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 1 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1040 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 120
160 to 180
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 110
190
Elongation at Break, % 28
13 to 20
Fatigue Strength, MPa 170
220 to 340
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 36
40 to 45
Shear Modulus, GPa 39
73
Shear Strength, MPa 200
350 to 390
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 310
570 to 640
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 220
320 to 530

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 420
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 320
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1660
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1610
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 540
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 20
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 8.8
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 3.7
7.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 7.3
8.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 37
1.8
Density, g/cm3 4.5
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 31
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 510
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 110
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 79
79 to 96
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 230
270 to 760
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 35
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 19
20 to 23
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 23
19 to 21
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 8.2
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 24
18 to 20

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.080
0.37 to 0.44
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.015
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.2
98.6 to 99.03
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0.6 to 0.9
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.030
0
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.18
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.050
Titanium (Ti), % 99.095 to 100
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.4
0