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Grade 12 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI P21 Steel

Grade 12 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI P21 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (10, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 12 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI P21 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 110
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 39
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 530
1130

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 420
250
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1660
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1610
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 540
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 21
41
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 9.6
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 3.3
7.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 6.6
9.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 37
6.5
Density, g/cm3 4.5
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 31
2.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 500
32
Embodied Water, L/kg 110
62

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 35
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 32
40
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 32
31
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 8.5
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 37
37

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.080
0.18 to 0.22
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0 to 0.5
Cobalt (Co), % 0
1.1 to 1.3
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.25
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.015
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.3
92.1 to 94.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0.35 to 0.72
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.2 to 0.4
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0.6 to 0.9
3.9 to 4.3
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.030
0
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.25
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0
0.2 to 0.4
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.030
Titanium (Ti), % 97.6 to 99.2
0
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.25
Residuals, % 0 to 0.4
0