Grade 16 Titanium vs. AISI 431 Stainless Steel
Grade 16 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while AISI 431 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 16 titanium and the bottom bar is AISI 431 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 23 | |
| 15 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 240 | |
| 430 to 610 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 38 | |
| 77 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 250 | |
| 550 to 840 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 400 | |
| 890 to 1380 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 340 | |
| 710 to 1040 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 280 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 850 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1510 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1450 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 22 | |
| 26 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.2 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.6 | |
| 2.6 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 7.2 | |
| 3.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 2.2 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 31 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 120 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 86 | |
| 140 to 180 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 550 | |
| 1270 to 2770 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 25 | |
| 32 to 50 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 27 | |
| 27 to 36 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.9 | |
| 7.0 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 29 | |
| 28 to 43 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 15 to 17 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 78.2 to 83.8 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 1.3 to 2.5 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 98.8 to 99.96 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |