Grade 16 Titanium vs. EN 1.1181 Steel
Grade 16 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 1.1181 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 16 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 1.1181 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 23 | |
| 19 to 20 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 240 | |
| 190 to 260 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 38 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 250 | |
| 350 to 390 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 400 | |
| 560 to 620 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 340 | |
| 280 to 380 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 22 | |
| 42 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.2 | |
| 11 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.6 | |
| 7.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 7.2 | |
| 8.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 19 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 47 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 86 | |
| 90 to 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 550 | |
| 210 to 380 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 25 | |
| 20 to 22 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 27 | |
| 19 to 21 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.9 | |
| 11 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 29 | |
| 19 to 21 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.32 to 0.39 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 97.4 to 99.18 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.5 to 0.8 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 98.8 to 99.96 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |