Grade 16 Titanium vs. EN 1.7233 Steel
Grade 16 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 1.7233 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 16 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 1.7233 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 23 | |
| 18 to 23 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 240 | |
| 270 to 530 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 38 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 250 | |
| 450 to 590 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 400 | |
| 700 to 960 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 340 | |
| 380 to 780 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 430 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 22 | |
| 39 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.2 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.6 | |
| 7.4 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 7.2 | |
| 8.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 1.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 21 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 53 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 86 | |
| 110 to 200 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 550 | |
| 380 to 1630 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 25 | |
| 25 to 34 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 27 | |
| 22 to 28 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.9 | |
| 11 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 29 | |
| 21 to 28 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.39 to 0.45 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 1.2 to 1.5 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 96.2 to 97.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.4 to 0.7 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.5 to 0.7 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 98.8 to 99.96 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |