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Grade 16 Titanium vs. Grade 21 Titanium

Both grade 16 titanium and grade 21 titanium are titanium alloys. They have 79% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 16 titanium and the bottom bar is grade 21 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 110
140
Elongation at Break, % 23
9.0 to 17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 240
550 to 660
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.32
Reduction in Area, % 34
22
Shear Modulus, GPa 38
51
Shear Strength, MPa 250
550 to 790
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 400
890 to 1340
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 340
870 to 1170

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 420
410
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 320
310
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1660
1740
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1610
1690
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 540
500
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 22
7.5
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 9.2
7.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 4.5
5.4
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 36
32
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 600
490
Embodied Water, L/kg 230
180

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 86
110 to 180
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 550
2760 to 5010
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 35
32
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 25
46 to 69
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 27
38 to 50
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 8.9
2.8
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 29
66 to 100

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
2.5 to 3.5
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.080
0 to 0.050
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.015
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.3
0 to 0.4
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
14 to 16
Niobium (Nb), % 0
2.2 to 3.2
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.030
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.25
0 to 0.17
Palladium (Pd), % 0.040 to 0.080
0
Silicon (Si), % 0
0.15 to 0.25
Titanium (Ti), % 98.8 to 99.96
76 to 81.2
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4