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Grade 16 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI H21 Steel

Grade 16 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI H21 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (12, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 16 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI H21 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 110
200
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 38
76
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 400
720 to 1790

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 420
250
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1660
1630
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1610
1580
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 540
440
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 22
27
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 9.2
11

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 4.5
8.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 36
4.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 600
68
Embodied Water, L/kg 230
72

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 35
23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 25
23 to 58
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 27
21 to 38
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 8.9
7.1
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 29
24 to 59

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.080
0.28 to 0.36
Chromium (Cr), % 0
3.0 to 3.8
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.25
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.015
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.3
87.6 to 93.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0.15 to 0.4
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.3
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.030
0
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.25
0
Palladium (Pd), % 0.040 to 0.080
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0
0.15 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.030
Titanium (Ti), % 98.8 to 99.96
0
Tungsten (W), % 0
8.5 to 10
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.3 to 0.6
Residuals, % 0 to 0.4
0