Grade 16 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI H25 Steel
Grade 16 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI H25 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (12, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 16 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI H25 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
200 |
Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
0.29 |
Shear Modulus, GPa | 38 | |
79 |
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 400 | |
710 to 1620 |
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
250 |
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
1750 |
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
1700 |
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
420 |
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 22 | |
26 |
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.2 | |
12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
9.1 |
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
6.2 |
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
93 |
Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
83 |
Common Calculations
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
12 |
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
22 |
Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 25 | |
22 to 50 |
Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 27 | |
20 to 34 |
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.9 | |
6.7 |
Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 29 | |
22 to 49 |
Alloy Composition
Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
0.22 to 0.32 |
Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
3.8 to 4.5 |
Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
0 to 0.25 |
Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
0 |
Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
77.2 to 81.3 |
Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
0.15 to 0.4 |
Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
0 to 0.3 |
Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
0 |
Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
0 |
Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
0 |
Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
0 to 0.030 |
Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
0.15 to 0.4 |
Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
0 to 0.030 |
Titanium (Ti), % | 98.8 to 99.96 | |
0 |
Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
14 to 16 |
Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
0.4 to 0.6 |
Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
0 |