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Grade 18 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI 1040 Steel

Grade 18 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 1040 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 18 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1040 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 110
190
Elongation at Break, % 11 to 17
13 to 20
Fatigue Strength, MPa 330 to 480
220 to 340
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 23
40 to 45
Shear Modulus, GPa 40
73
Shear Strength, MPa 420 to 590
350 to 390
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 690 to 980
570 to 640
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 540 to 810
320 to 530

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 410
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 330
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1640
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1590
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 550
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 8.3
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 9.9
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 1.3
7.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.7
8.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 4.5
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 41
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 670
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 270
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 87 to 110
79 to 96
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 1380 to 3110
270 to 760
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 35
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 43 to 61
20 to 23
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 39 to 49
19 to 21
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 3.4
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 47 to 67
18 to 20

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 2.5 to 3.5
0
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.080
0.37 to 0.44
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.015
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.25
98.6 to 99.03
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0.6 to 0.9
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.030
0
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.15
0
Palladium (Pd), % 0.040 to 0.080
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.050
Titanium (Ti), % 92.5 to 95.5
0
Vanadium (V), % 2.0 to 3.0
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.4
0