Grade 18 Titanium vs. Titanium 4-4-2
Both grade 18 titanium and titanium 4-4-2 are titanium alloys. They have a moderately high 92% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 18 titanium and the bottom bar is titanium 4-4-2.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 to 17 | |
| 10 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 330 to 480 | |
| 590 to 620 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.32 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 23 | |
| 20 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 42 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 420 to 590 | |
| 690 to 750 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 690 to 980 | |
| 1150 to 1250 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 540 to 810 | |
| 1030 to 1080 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 330 | |
| 310 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1640 | |
| 1610 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1590 | |
| 1560 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 550 | |
| 540 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 8.3 | |
| 6.7 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.9 | |
| 8.6 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 4.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 41 | |
| 30 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 670 | |
| 480 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 270 | |
| 180 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 87 to 110 | |
| 110 to 120 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1380 to 3110 | |
| 4700 to 5160 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 34 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 43 to 61 | |
| 68 to 74 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 39 to 49 | |
| 52 to 55 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 3.4 | |
| 2.6 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 47 to 67 | |
| 86 to 93 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 3.0 to 5.0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 3.0 to 5.0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0.3 to 0.7 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 1.5 to 2.5 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 92.5 to 95.5 | |
| 85.8 to 92.2 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 2.0 to 3.0 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |