Grade 21 Titanium vs. ASTM A148 Cast Steel
Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM A148 cast steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM A148 cast steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.0 to 17 | |
| 5.7 to 25 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 550 to 660 | |
| 280 to 670 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 22 | |
| 13 to 45 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
| 73 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 1340 | |
| 630 to 1300 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 870 to 1170 | |
| 390 to 1160 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 310 | |
| 400 to 430 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1740 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1690 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 500 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.5 | |
| 37 to 47 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 13 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 60 | |
| 2.3 to 3.3 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 5.4 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
| 1.5 to 1.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 490 | |
| 20 to 22 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 48 to 53 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 180 | |
| 71 to 150 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 2760 to 5010 | |
| 400 to 3570 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 46 to 69 | |
| 22 to 46 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 38 to 50 | |
| 21 to 34 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.8 | |
| 9.9 to 13 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 66 to 100 | |
| 18 to 38 |