Grade 21 Titanium vs. ASTM A514 Steel
Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM A514 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM A514 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.0 to 17 | |
| 18 to 21 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 550 to 660 | |
| 470 to 540 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 550 to 790 | |
| 490 to 520 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 1340 | |
| 790 to 830 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 870 to 1170 | |
| 690 to 770 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 250 to 260 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 310 | |
| 400 to 440 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1740 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1690 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 500 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.5 | |
| 37 to 51 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 13 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 60 | |
| 2.3 to 3.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 5.4 | |
| 7.8 to 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
| 1.6 to 1.8 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 490 | |
| 21 to 25 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 48 to 57 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 180 | |
| 140 to 170 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 2760 to 5010 | |
| 1280 to 1590 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 46 to 69 | |
| 28 to 29 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 38 to 50 | |
| 24 to 25 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.8 | |
| 10 to 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 66 to 100 | |
| 23 to 24 |