Grade 21 Titanium vs. Grade 350 Maraging Steel
Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while grade 350 maraging steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (9, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is grade 350 maraging steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.0 to 17 | |
| 4.1 to 18 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.3 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
| 75 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 550 to 790 | |
| 710 to 1400 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 1340 | |
| 1140 to 2420 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 870 to 1170 | |
| 830 to 2300 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 270 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1740 | |
| 1470 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1690 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 500 | |
| 450 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 60 | |
| 39 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 5.4 | |
| 8.2 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
| 5.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 490 | |
| 74 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 160 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 180 | |
| 98 to 190 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 23 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 46 to 69 | |
| 38 to 82 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 38 to 50 | |
| 29 to 49 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 66 to 100 | |
| 35 to 74 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 0.050 to 0.15 |
| Boron (B), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0030 |
| Calcium (Ca), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 11.5 to 12.5 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 61.2 to 64.6 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 14 to 16 | |
| 4.6 to 5.2 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 18 to 19 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 2.2 to 3.2 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.17 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 76 to 81.2 | |
| 1.3 to 1.6 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |