Grade 21 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI 12L14 Steel
Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 12L14 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 12L14 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.0 to 17 | |
| 11 to 25 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 550 to 660 | |
| 190 to 290 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 22 | |
| 39 to 51 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
| 72 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 550 to 790 | |
| 280 to 370 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 1340 | |
| 440 to 620 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 870 to 1170 | |
| 260 to 460 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 310 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1740 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1690 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 500 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.5 | |
| 51 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 60 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 5.4 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 490 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 47 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 180 | |
| 64 to 93 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 2760 to 5010 | |
| 180 to 560 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 46 to 69 | |
| 15 to 22 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 38 to 50 | |
| 16 to 20 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.8 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 66 to 100 | |
| 14 to 20 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 97.9 to 98.7 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.85 to 1.2 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 14 to 16 | |
| 0 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 2.2 to 3.2 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.17 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0.040 to 0.090 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0.26 to 0.35 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 76 to 81.2 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |